On the eve of the november revolution of 1918, germany was one of the most developed capitalist countries. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. What were the causes and consequences of the german. During the nazi regime, works on the weimar republic and the german revolution published abroad and by exiles in the 1930s and 1940s could not be read in germany. November revolution of 1918 a revolution in germany, as a result of which the monarchy was overthrown and a bourgeois parliamentary republic established. Furthermore, the hope of the russian revolution in 1917 gave the german people the idea to overthrow their similar emperor for a more democratic system. The emperor fled for his life and a new government took control.
This paper defends the idea that the only feasible and desirable alternative to bourgeois democracy in 1918 germany was a parliamentary democracy supported by workers councils. Oct 19, 2018 ralph haswell lutz, a member of the american military commission in berlin in 1919 and a historian, wrote about how the german army attempted a lastditch offensive on the marne river in april 1918 that collapsed and then succumbed to a french counteroffensive in july. As a revolutionary achievement of masses the german november 1918 does not need to take second place to either the french july 1789 or the russian march 1917. The proletarian revolution is knocking at germanys door. Its members were unable to form coalitions and push for specific goals. The german revolution of 1918 ended the first world war. A peoples history of the german revolution, 191819, is the last book by the american historian william arthur bill pelz, who died at age 66 on december 10, 2017 in his hometown of chicago. Debs 1 excerpt reprinted from the social builder as socialists must change war position, says debs in the new appeal girard, ks, no. Wedged between two great events, undoubtedly shadowing this brief period spanning 15 years or so, it does explain much of the german suffering and how it lead to wwii, but there isnt much that is. Radical philosophy german revolution of 1918 tag archive.
The 1918 november revolution marxists internet archive. Sep 17, 2014 revolution broke out in germany in 1918 due to many longerterm economic, social and political problems, which had fashioned many feelings of injustice among the german people. The lesson that comes with this assessment, the german revolution of 1918, will help you improve your understanding of the topics covered in this assessment, and. The path which it took the russian revolution twelve years to cover, from 1906 to 1917, will have taken the german revolution five years, from 1918 to 1923. A documentary history of the german revolution of 19181919 gabriel kuhn. This revolutionary movement was also crucial in pushing through a swift introduction of universal general suffrage in. Landauer, on the german revolution of 191819 gustav landauer would fully engage with the events of the german revolution, both as writer and militant. It was particularly appropriate in kiel, which had a huge naval installation. The experience of the working class in the german revolution. There is only one master in this country that am i in no more than 12. This alternative, which i will call council erfurtianism, blazed a trail. The russian revolution and the germans may 18, 1918 1 the russian revolution and the germans excerpt by eugene v. Sep 15, 2016 the german revolution of 1918 duration.
The revolution of november 1918 was a consequence of the military defeat of the german empire in the first world war and was triggered by the naval mutiny. German revolution of 1918 tag archive wrapping the reichstag. The german revolution 19181919 by ralph haswell lutz 1922. Trusts and cartels played a decisive role in the economy. Sebastian haffner offers us compellingly his vision of the german revolution of 19189. Landauer, on the german revolution of 191819 enough 14. The armistice of 11 november 1918 was the armistice signed at le francport near compiegne that ended fighting on land, sea and air in world war i between the allies and their opponent, germany. To improve their unity of effort in the face of the renewed german advance, the allied commanders met on 26 march to discuss the crisis. May 30, 2019 in 1918 19 imperial germany experienced a socialistheavy revolution that, despite some surprising events and even a small socialist republic, would bring a democratic government. At the same time, serious crop failures led to a major.
The revolutionary period lasted from november 1918 until the adoption in august. The german revolution was a series of events at the end of the great war in germany from november 1918 to march 1919 which led to the end of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. Germany fractures in world war one like the other countries of europe, much of germany went into world war one believing it would be a short war and a decisive victory for them. Pdf women in the german revolution, 19181919 helen. Strategic setting the entry of the united states into the conflict and the russian revolution in 1917. In late 1918, there was unrest across the whole of germany. The german revolution or november revolution german. Nov, 2018 landauer, on the german revolution of 1918 19 gustav landauer would fully engage with the events of the german revolution, both as writer and militant. Oct 03, 20 the german revolution 1918 1919 by ralph haswell lutz 1922. A documentary history of the german revolution of 19181919 this volume brings together some of the most interesting scholars writing on the german revolution today. To mark this centenary anniversary, we publish here an extract from rob sewells new book, germany 1918 1933.
Novemberrevolution was a civil conflict in the german empire at the end of the first world war that resulted in the replacement of the german federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the weimar republic. Thus, the revolution of 1918 was hampered from the start. The target of the americanplanned and americanexecuted operation was a massive salient that had bedeviled the. Politically charged controversies regarding the council movements objectives or the majority social democrats attempt to contain radicalism have lost much of their scholarly importance, although they are still present in the geschichtskultur of the german left. History of the german revolution 1918 1923 chronology 1917. Weinhauer, klausmcelligott, anthonyheinsohn, kirsten hrsg. Although the socioeconomic upheavals in germany at the end of world war i are customarily. The bolshevikled russian revolution overturns provisional government.
And if criticised certain decisions or actions, he did not hesitate to commit himself to revolution whose anarchist dimension is often ignored. This is a thread devoted to the discussion of the german revolution 1918 1919 people, locations, events, books and other publications, battles, historic sites, maps, research information, urls, etc. They named general ferdinand foch, chief of the french. Ralph haswell lutz, a member of the american military commission in berlin in 1919 and a historian, wrote about how the german army attempted a lastditch offensive on the marne river in april 1918 that collapsed and then succumbed to a french counteroffensive in july.
Wedged between two great events, undoubtedly shadowing this brief period spanning 15 years or so, it does explain much of the german suffering and how. They had mutinied during the summer of 1917 and were crushed. Mar 02, 2011 german revolution 1918, november revolution. The revolution that occurred in germany in 1918 1919 was not really a revolution at least not in the traditional sense of the french revolution of 1789 and the russian revolution of 1917, or even the german revolution of 1848. But the ultimate defeat in 1923 was a worldshattering event. Lots of excellent details, but rather dry and dispassionate. Within only a few days this insurgency spread throughout the empire with no appreciable resistance. As important as this little bit of history is, it is a little bit of history. The kaiser was rejected and a new parliament based at weimar took over. The german nation is not one which makes revolutions.
The revolution began among the sailors of the german fleet at kiel, the major baltic port. A peoples history of the german revolution, 191819, is the last book by the american historian william arthur bill pelz, who died at age 66 on december 10, 2017 in his hometown of chicago the son of a bus driver, bill pelz was connected to working people by origin and attitude. Like the workers, they organized their revolt through revolutionary shop stewards. During a littleknown episode of the revolution, german soldiers liberated belgium from a brutal military occupation before the armistice of the 11 november was signed. Nov 04, 2018 days of hope the 1918 german revolution a revolution in germany that erupted 100 years ago this month rocked europes rulers and put a socialist world on the agenda. Pdf women in the german revolution, 19181919 helen boak. A series of german offensives, beginning with operation michael on 21 march 1918, posed the greatest threat to the allies since 1914. It is a significant contribution to interpretations of the revolution and how to build democratic socialist societies. It is certainly true that the german people, especially the soldiers, were weary of the war and so directed their anger against the kaiser and prince max. A few months after this picture was taken, johannes, 14, was on his way home from his gymnasium when he witnessed the shooting that marked the mutiny of the german naval forces, starting the german revolution of 1918. Socialism or barbarism available through wellred books provides an answer to these important questions as we mark the centenary of the 1918 german revolution. Please feel free to add any and all discussion information related. The german revolution and political theory gaard kets. In recent years, the german revolution of 191819 has once again attracted interest.
A proper perspective on the question of the failed german revolutionary socialist opportunities starting in 1918 after the debacle of german defeat in world war i, the overthrow of the kaiser and the establishment of a democratic republic until 1923 with the failure of the revolutionary opportunities resulting from the french reparations crisis. There is only one master in this country that am i in no more than 12 words describe the type of man kaiser wilhelm ii was. The failure of the germans in the second battle of the marne is the first. Full text of the german revolution, 19181919 see other formats. The german revolution and entente intervention november 1918 march 1919.
The son of a bus driver, bill pelz was connected to working people by origin and attitude. Rob sewell, author of an important new marxist analysis of this dramatic historical period, germany 1918 1933. Revolution of 1918 and 1919, that i was interested in the experience of the working class, that the old man keeping his. There will be scattered riots in germany, but no simultaneous rising of the whole people. All power to the councils a documentary history of the. November revolution of 1918 article about november. However, weimar ultimately failed and the question of whether the seeds of that failure began in the revolution if 191819 has never been decisively answered. As of the start of 1918, the gregorian calendar was days ahead of the julian. The war also caused hardship, from the allies blockades limiting supplies, to the influenza infection in august 1918. The german revolution of 19181919 and the following years mark an exceptional period in german history. Start of peace negotiations between russia and germany at brest litovsk. The workers suffered from poor working conditions, low wages and the middle classes wanted more power. This caused tension between all classes and the elite, as they did.
I was invited to give this paper, which explores the role of women in the german revolution of november 1918, at the international rosa luxemburg society conference in chicago in april 2018. The german events are developing with the inexorability of fate. Previous armistices had been agreed with bulgaria, the ottoman empire and the austrohungarian empire. The hard times that swept over the continent in the late 1840s transformed widespread popular discontent in the german confederation into a fullblown revolution. This collection brings the radical aspirations of the time alive and contains many important lessons for contemporary scholars and activists alike.
The german revolution and entente intervention november 1918. Revisioning german history esther leslie rp 077 mayjun 1996 wrapping the reichstag revisioning german history esther leslie whoever emerges victorious participates, to this day, in the triumphal procession in which the present rulers step over those who are lying prostrate. Days of hope the 1918 german revolution a revolution in germany that erupted 100 years ago this month rocked europes rulers and put a socialist world on the agenda. However, weimar ultimately failed and the question of whether the seeds of that failure began in the revolution if 1918 19 has never been decisively answered. The german revolution of 1918 in defence of marxism. The republic proclaimed early in the afternoon of saturday, november 9, 1918, is often called the accidental republic. Sebastian haffner offers us compellingly his vision of the german revolution of 1918 9. Documents from the archives of the german foreign ministry edited by z. The revolution of 1848 failed in its attempt to unify the german speaking states because the frankfurt assembly reflected the many different interests of the german ruling classes.
293 732 1197 243 853 542 609 1366 425 1382 1444 744 166 413 1352 1297 1069 543 1132 609 205 515 857 994 399 276 1326 1358 293 933 827 1047 1118 1053 761 1150 1047 710